The theranostic principle describes a cancer treatment strategy involving the combination of one radioactive drug to visualize tumor locations and a second radioactive drug to deliver therapy. From initial compound development to clinical translation and beyond, this is an extremely data-rich field which lends itself to standardized data acquisition and analytic methods. This talk will review some of the recent advances in radiotheranostic compound development and evaluation, and discuss the problems and possibilities in their implementation into routine clinical practice.